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Tell Maghzaliyah
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Tell Maghzaliyah (Tell Maghzalia), in Nineveh Governorate, , is a prehistoric fortified and site located approximately 7.5 km northwest of , with which it shows some similarities. It is situated near the Abra River, a tributary of the Habur River, which eventually drains into the . Tell Maghzaliyah shows the development of pre-. There are also numerous connections to the culture going back to 7000 BCE.


Archaeology
The site is approximately 4500 square meters in area, and the depth of deposit is approximately 8 meters. It was excavated during 12 seasons between 1969 and 1980 on the Sinjar Plain, by a Soviet team from the Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences led by R. M. Munchaev and N. Ya. Merpert with N.O. Bader.Zettler, Richard L., "Review of Early Stages in the Evolution of Mesopotamian Civilization: Soviet Excavations in Northern Iraq, by N. Yoffee & J. J. Clark", American Antiquity, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 174–75, 1995Bader, N. O., "Earliest Cultivators in Northern Mesopotamia: The Investigation of the Soviet Archaeological Expedition in Iraq at Settlements Tell Magzalia, Tell Sotto, Kiiltepe", Moscow:Nauka, 1989Munchaev, Rauf M., N. I. Merpert, and N. O. Bader, "Archaeological Studies in the Sinjar Valley, 1980", Sumer 43, pp. 32-53, 1984

The original village housed approximately 150 people. It was more suited to hunting and gathering, than to long-standing agriculture. Archeological evidence includes flakes and , along with evidence of semi-permanent settlement, including houses and utilitarian structures. Permanent settlement remains indicate pisé walls and stone foundations. The clay used for construction was apparently imported from other locations, as the primary natural stratigraphy is loam. In its final phase the site was circled by a wall with massive stone facing.Edens, Christopher, "Review of Early Stages in the Evolution of Mesopotamian Civilization: Soviet Excavations in Northern Iraq, by N. Yoffee & J. J. Clark", American Antiquity, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 284–86, 2000

The excavators estimated a total of 15 building levels at the site, each with an average thickness of 50–60 cm. The assemblage suggests a tightly packed settlement, occupied continuously over its existence.


Early metallurgy
A hammered ‘awl’ (or a chisel) made from (i.e. not smelted) was found on the floor of one of the houses.
(1999). 9781134837311, ROUTLEDGE.
(2012). 9781444360776, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

Other early sites with metal are also in lowland Iran, and and in the Iranian . Also in the Iranian Zagros, near , are located the sites of Tall-i Mushki, and Tall-i Jari showing evidence of early metallurgy utilizing native copper. All these settlements date to the late 7th/early 6th millennia BC.


See also
  • Cities of the ancient Near East


Further reading
  • "Tell Maghzaliyah: an early Neolithic site in northern Iraq"; Soviet Archeology; 1979:117-32
  • (2025). 9780816532810

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